Stig Nørgaard Jepsen <stigen@mail.dk> wrote:
> Fyrre-tyve, halv-treds, treds, halv-fjerds, firs, halv-fems?
> Hvorfor er det at vi ikke siger femti, seksti, syvti, otteti og niti.... som
> virker noget mere logisk.
> Hvad er det nu forklarringen er på vores treds,fjerds og fems? (3,4 og 5??)
Tres = tresindstyve = 3*20.
Halvfjers = halvfjerdesindstyve = (-0,5 + 4)*20.
Firs = firesindstyve = 4*20.
Halvfems = halvfemsindstyve = (-0,5 + 5)*20.
Femsindstyve = 100, bruges ikke på dansk.
Jeg har læst et 4-bindsværk om det danske sprogs historie, og i følge
dette værk, var landet oprindeligt delt på spørgsmålet om titalssystem
eller snesesystem. Vestdanmark, Jylland, brugte vingetesimalsystemet,
mens Skåneland brugte decimalsystemet. Sjælland i midten brugte begge
systemer; jeg er ikke klar over om der var nogen geografiske forskelle,
eller om man bare skiftede tilfældigt.
Med tabet af de østlige landsdele var det det jyske tyvetalssystem der
sejrede i daglig tale, men vi kan nu stadig bruge titalsystemet. Se blot
i Retskrivningsordbogen. Personligt skriver jeg altid i titalsystemet på
checks og lignende.
Og hvorfor jyderne har brugt tyvetalssystemet, når nu de fleste synes at
mene at det stammer fra at man talte på både fingre og tær? Jeg ved det
ikke!
Men man kunne måske få en idé om det ved følgende opslag i Oxford
English Dictionary, under »score, /noun/«:
III. A group of twenty.
[Presumably from the practice, in counting sheep or large herds of
cattle, of counting orally from 1 to 20, and making a ëscoreí (sense 9)
or notch on a stick, before proceeding to count the next twenty.]
16. a. A group or set of twenty. Primarily a n., const. of (in OE.
gen. pl.), but owing to ellipsis and loss of inflexions often serving
(when preceded by a, or in uninflected pl. by a numeral) as a numeral
adj. (Cf. dozen, hundred, thousand, etc.)
The combinations threescore and fourscore are common as mere
archaistic synonyms for sixty and eighty; the similar combinations with
other numerals are rarely used exc. when there is intentional division
into groups of 20.
[a1100 Bury St. Edm. Rec. in Napier Contrib. OE. Lexicogr. 56 -Dhæt
is+v scora [glossed quinquies uiginti] scdhp+& viii score [octies
uiginti] Dhcere ºesawen.] c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 101/13 Folke+bi manie
scor to-gadere. a1300 Cursor M. 3209 Sex scor and seuen yeir liued
sarra. c1330 Arth. & Merl. 3099 (Kölbing) Wiy him he brouät yritti
score Wiät kniätes him bifore. 1340 Hampole Pr. Consc. 3492 Bot yhit
yar er ful many ma Of veniel syns, be many a score. 1362 Langl. P. Pl.
A. iii. 118 Heo makey men misdo moni score tymes. c1375 Sc. Leg. Saints
xvii. (Martha) 52 Sewyne schore of fute & na ma. a1400 Morte Arth. 2344
The taxe and the trebutte of tene schore wynteres. c1400 Destr. Troy
2638 My fader was a philisofer, & of fele yeres, To the nowmber of nene
skowre. c1470 Gol. & Gaw. 483 Seuyne score of scheildis thai schew at
ane sicht. 15+ Scot. Field 231 in Chetham Soc. Misc. II, There were
killed of the Scottes moe than xij scower. 1583 Bp. Middleton Injunct.
in 2nd Rep. Ritual Comm. (1868) 426/2 Excepte there bee at the leaste,
three for euery score communicantes that bee in the Parishe. 1596
Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. ii. 111 Shee may perhaps call him halfe a score
knaues, or so. 1611 I Cymb. iii. ii. 69 How many score of Miles may we
well rid Twixt houre, and houre? 1645 Shetland Witch Trial in Hibbert
Descr. Shetl. Isl. (1822) 600 At your returne they continuit with you,
and conversit ut supra, als far back agane as scoir and threttein.
a1649 Winthrop New Eng. (1825) I. 286 They chose divers scores men, who
[etc.]. 1696 Lond. Gaz. No. 3190/4, 41 stout Cambridgeshire Wethers,
worth about 14l. a Score. 1734 tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 340
Six score thousand. a1742 Somerville Yeom. Kent 82 Neighbours around,
and cousins went By scores, to pay their compliment. 1768 Sterne Sent.
Journ. (1778) I. 69 (In the Street), I form'd a score different plans.
1775 C. Johnston Pilgrim 273 He taught him to+bend his body into half a
score antic postures. 1800 Ld. Keith in Paget Papers (1896) I. 223 The
inhabitants of Genoa Die by Scores of hunger. 1810 Crabbe Borough v,
Till he had box'd up twelve score pounds at least. 1842 Macaulay Lays,
Lake Regillus xxviii, And still stood all who saw them fall While men
might count a score. 1848 Thackeray Van. Fair xxxiv, There were a score
of generals now round Becky's chair. 1883 Stevenson Treas. Isl. vii, I
wished a round score of men.
b. with ellipsis of years (referring to age). Now rare exc. in
threescore and fourscore.
13+ Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1019 He thoughte wel, at a score, He sscholde
passi him before. 1900 H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne viii. (1905) 101 He
died at two-score.
17. A weight of twenty or twenty-one pounds, esp. used in weighing
pigs or oxen.
c1460 Towneley Myst. xiii. 631 As a shepe of sevyn skore he weyd in
my fyst. 1766 Museum Rust. I. 475 To kill several hogs in a season,
which shall weigh from eight to ten score. 1825 Cobbett Rural Rides 274
The thousands of scores of bacon and thousands of bushels of bread that
have been eaten from the long oak table. 1829 Glover's Hist. Derby I.
217 At fifteen months old, they weigh about 28 score. 1858 Ulster Jrnl.
ArchÊol. VI. 361 The meal came down to three thirteens the score. 1885
W. Westall Old Factory xix. 134, I'll send them a score of meal and half
a score of flour and some milk.
Ü18. A distance of twenty paces. Obs.
1545 R. Ascham Toxoph. ii. (Arb.) 157 For I should se one streame
wyth in a score on me. 1577ñ87 Holinshed Chron. III. 1142/1 The trees
were pulled up by the roots and cast twelve score off. 1588 Sir W.
Wynter in Defeat Sp. Armada (Navy Rec. Soc.) II. 10 My fortune was to
make choice to charge their starboard wing without shooting of any
ordnance until we came within six score of them. 1591 Lyly Entert.
Elvetham Proeme, Wks. 1902 I. 432 Other such buildings+fourteene score
off from the house on a hill side. 1598 Shakes. Merry W. iii. ii. 34 As
easie, as a Canon will shoot point-blanke twelue score. 1622 Drayton
Poly-olb. xxvi. 331 At Markes full fortie score they vs'd to Prick and
Roue. 1646 Eldred Gunners Glasse 71 Foure Demi-Culverings to the moule
Rod or Pole, distant 53 score. 1672 H. More Brief Reply Pref. a 4b,
Wherein the Authors fancy+leaping over all boundaries of
Church-Authority,+runs on at eleven-score, as if he were upon a warm
scent, giving chase to some of his Platonical Idea's [sic].
19. Coal-mining. (See quot. 1851.)
1754 T. Gardner Dunwich 216 This Port [Southwold] is of singular note
in merchandizing Corn and Coals, where twenty-one is deemed a Score.
1789 Brand Hist. Newcastle II. 681 The wages of hewers 2s. 8d. for
hewing every score or twenty corves of coals. 1812 Hodgson in Raine
Mem. (1857) I. 98 Persons who+wrought 624 scores of coal, equal to 1300
Newcastle chaldrons. 1851 Greenwell Coal-trade Terms, Northumb. & Durh.
46 Score, a standard number of tubs or corves of coals at each colliery,
upon which the hewers' and putters' prices for working are paid. It
varies, in different localities, from 20 to 26 tubs.
20. (See quot.) ?Obs.
1854 Househ. Words IX. 88 Strips [of straw plait] are+sold in scores,
or pieces twenty yards long.
21. Criminals' slang. a. Twenty dollars; a twenty-dollar bill. U.S.
b. Twenty pounds sterling (esp. in banknotes).
1929 G. L. Hostetter It's a Racket! 237 Score, twenty dollar bill, or
units thereofóhundred, two hundred. 1933 G. Ingram Stir xiv. 231, ëI
got about £10 out of the first, then £2 and then another ìscoreî.í ëThat
makes £32.í 1941 Coast to Coast 1941 225 They only owe me a couple of
quid since Christmas now. I was holdin' a score but I dropped most of
it. 1958 F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 152 When they turned me over I
had about a score on me. 1979 K. Bonfiglioli After you with Pistol vii.
39 You'll have to give me a score to buy an old throwaway shooter.
IV. 22. attrib. and Comb., as score-keeping; (sense 15d) score dough
(dough n. 2b), money; score-bid Contract Bridge, a bid by a player whose
side has a part-score, sufficient to give his side game; score-board,
(a) a blackboard in a public house, on which debts are chalked up; (b)
in Cricket, a large board erected so as to be seen by the onlookers, on
which the score of the game is kept; also gen., a master board
displaying the score of any contest; also fig. and attrib.; score-book,
a book for preserving the scores of games; a scoring-book; score-box
Cricket, a room or hut in which the official scorers work and (usu.) the
telegraph is operated; score-card, (a) a printed card with a blank form
on which spectators may enter the score in a game of cricket or
baseball; also in extended uses, esp. a card issued to a competitor
before a contest, on which his score (or that of his opponent) is to be
recorded, or one held by a referee or judge for the same purpose; (b)
U.S., ëin exhibitions of poultry, a rating cardí (Funk's Stand. Dict.
1895); (c) see quot. 1909; (d) U.S. slang., a menu; score draw, a
non-goalless draw (draw n. 5) counting for three points on a
football-pool coupon; score-game Golf, a game in which the player's
object is to obtain the highest score possible (opposed to match game);
so score-play; scoreline, (a line, or part of one, in a newspaper, etc.,
giving) the intermediate or final score in a sports contest between two
persons or team; score-paper = score-sheet; score-reading, the action or
process of reading a musical score; hence score-reader; score-sheet (see
quot. 1895); also transf. and fig., esp. in phrases, as to add one's
name to the score-sheet, to score a goal (in Association Football and
the like).
1928 M. C. Work Contract Bridge (ed. 2) iv. 76 If my side has a
contract score of 60, I must put a construction on my partner's minor
two bid different from the construction put upon such a bid at no
score.+ ë*Score-bidsí are exceptions to the general rules.
1826 Hor. Smith Tor Hill (1838) I. 90 A species of desk on which was
lying a black *score-board and a lump of chalk. 1884 Harper's Mag. Jan.
299/1 The club has its own score-board. 1904 Daily Chron. 26 July 7/1
The score~board showed Somerset 147 up for the loss of four wickets.
1936 F. D. Roosevelt in N.Y. Herald Tribune 2 Oct. 10/2 From where I
stand it looks as if the game was pretty well in the bag.+ It's just
plain scoreboard arithmetic.+ Now, when the present management of your
team took charge in 1933 the national scoreboard looked pretty bad.
1963 J. Joesten They call it Intelligence i. v. 51 What kind of record
has the CIA?+The scoreboard: ëSoviet
satellitesóExcellentí.+ëMissilesóGood.í 1977 Rolling Stone 13 Jan. 43/3
There were shouts of delight as Texas lit up in red on one of the
network's scoreboards, but it was still a close race. 1977 J. Laker
One-Day Cricket 72 A few narrow escapes kept the scoreboard officials
busy.
1851 J. Pycroft Cricket Field iv. 69 ëSeventy-two runs,í said Fennex,
and the *score-book attests his accuracy, ëwas Beldham's first and only
innings.í 1862 Lillywhite's Cricket Scores & Biogr. I. 191 In
Britcher's printed score-book, Mr. J. Tufton is+put down as bowled
merely. 1902 W. J. Ford Hist. Camb. Univ. C.C. Pref. 9 The C.U.C.C. has
but+two scorebooks. 1921 P. F. Warner My Cricketing Life vi. 111
Sixteen centuries stand to his credit in the Middlesex score-book. 1977
J. Laker One-Day Cricket 113 Gone are the days of the old green bound
Club scorebook.
1890 in W. A. Bettesworth Walkers of Southgate (1900) xvi. 335
Pressmen were expected to+keep running to the *score-box to ask for any
information they required. 1934 W. J. Lewis Lang. Cricket 226
Underneath (the score-box was) a room for the printers.
1877 C. Box Eng. Game of Cricket xxvi. 459 *Score card, a printed
card, with the names of the players and the results of each person's
innings. 1903 Daily Chron. 4 July 5/7 For without stop-watches,
score~cards, and constant figuring, one had no idea where the
contestants were. 1905 McClure's Mag. June 125/2 The football
score-card privilege is ësold to a New York expertí. 1909 Eastwood Rep.
to L.G.B. on Amer. Methods Milk Supply 69. Most of the cities which I
visited have adopted the score card system of inspection. When examining
a place where milk is+sold, the inspector fills up a card containing a
printed list of the details on which he is required to report. For each
detail a maximum score of a certain number of points is assigned. 1918
E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 538 Score cards, pasteboard cards issued
to competitors at competitions, giving the number of the target of each
competitor firing,+and containing a blank space for the record of the
shots fired. 1930 J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel 160 He handed her the
menu. ëHere's the scorecard.í 1958 People 4 May 19/7 How much is a
quarter of a point worth on a fight referee's score-card? 1976
Cumberland & Westmorland Herald 4 Dec. 13/6 The other [sc.
dart-players'] score cards were not in at the time of writing. 1978
Cornish Guardian 27 Apr. 23/5 (Advt.), When you call in at our showrooms
and test drive the Austin Morris range, we'll provide a detailed
scorecard. First test our cars then try to match them against the
competition.
1942 Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang ß510/1 Connection or
*score dough, the price of a ëbindleí of narcotics.
1970 Sporting Life 2 Nov. 12 Percentage is based on three points for a
correct *score draw and two for a correct no-score match against the
total number of points possible. 1977 Daily Mirror 15 Mar. 27/1 Plan
6+guarantees a line of at least seven score draws if any eight of your
selections result as score draws.
1905 Daily Chron. 19 Aug. 9/7 The amateurs like match play best
because they do better in it than they do at the *score game.
Ibid. 20 Dec. 3/4 Many witty things he has to say, as, for instance,
on *score-keeping.
1969 B. James England v Scotland iii. 64 The *score line was a far
from accurate guide to the run of play. 1971 Rand Daily Mail 27 Mar.
23/6 Had Arcadia grabbed their chances the scoreline could have been
reversed. 1977 Sunday Times 9 Jan. 30/6 It was only when he+scored
three times, that the scoreline became slightly more respectable.
1953 W. Burroughs Junkie vi. 61 Nick had just arrived at my apartment
with some *score money when I was called to the hall phone by the
buzzer.
1847 W. Denison Cricketer's Comp. p. xv, [Such runs] ought in fairness
not to be placed on the *score-paper as single byes. 1862 Lillywhite's
Cricket Scores & Biogr. I. 315 Scorers, or those who copied the score
papers into the book, must have been very careless.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 2 Jan. 2/1 In *score play+the same argument does not
apply.
1946 Penguin Music Mag. Dec. 75 Music does not exist until it is
performed, whatever our armchair *score-readers may say to the contrary.
1961 J. A. MacGillivray in A. Baines Musical Instruments through Ages
247 Music is written for the player, not for the score-reader.
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. II. 1183/2 *Score-reading. 1931 G. Jacob
Orchestral Technique i. 4 To facilitate score-reading we give below the
English, Italian, French, and German names for the instruments. 1977
Listener 23 June 822/2 Score-reading involves two quite different
activities. First, you must learn to read music.+ The second element+is
the ability to hear in imagination, in the mind's ear.
1859 in W. A. Bettesworth Walkers of Southgate (1900) v. 54 (plate)
ëBell's Life in Londoní *Score Sheets, &c. &c., may be had at the Tent.
1895 Funk's Stand. Dict., Score-sheet, a sheet ruled or designed for
scoring; specifically, in baseball and cricket, a sheet ruled for
recording all the features of the game. 1944 W. W. Elton et al. Guide
Naval Aviation iv. 73 Dive bombers caused much of the Jap grief at
Midway, where the score sheet revealed four Jap carriers sunk and other
craft damaged and sunk. 1976 Cumberland & Westmorland Herald 4 Dec.
12/6 Ullswater managed to keep the score sheet blank up to half-time.
1976 Norwich Mercury 10 Dec. 8/3 They+made sure of the points when Stew
Reynolds added his name to the scoresheet.
=====
Men spørgsmålet hører tydeligt hjemme i dk.kultur.sprog, hvorfor der
XFUTes dertil.
--
Per Erik Rønne
Frederikssundsvej 308B, DK-2700 Brønshøj, DENMARK, EUROPEAN UNION
Tlf. + fax: +38 89 00 16, mobil +45 28 23 09 92.
Homepage
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