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Research in Political Economy
Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Volume 23, Pages 1-374 (2006)
The Hidden History of 9-11-2001
Edited by: Paul Zarembka
ISBN: 0-7623-1305-6

Part I: Hijackers - Who Were They?
1.
What We Now Know About the Alleged 9-11 Hijackers · REVIEW
ARTICLE
Pages 3-45
Jay Kolar
Abstract


Inconsistencies and contradictions in the US government's story of
hijackers and their masterminds are examined to account for what
happened on 9-11. A little-known initial FBI list of 19, scrutinized
for four names not on its final list, calls into question the FBI
naming process. We discovered 11 of the FBI-named finalists could not
have been on those planes, with 10 still alive and another's identity
improvised by a double. The Dulles videotape, essentially the
government's case that hijackers boarded the 9-11 flights, is found to
have serious problems including authentication, as does the so-called
bin Laden "confession" video.

Were "hijackers" known to be in the US before intelligence alleges
it knew? Evidence is examined which shows that they were closely
monitored by agencies which denied this knowledge; in particular, an
undercover FBI agent lived with them the prior year.

Noting government refusal to disclose evidence called for by
investigators, we find some pieces altered or fabricated and others
confiscated or destroyed. Other revelations point to hijackers with
national security overrides, protection in their alternate roles as
drug traffickers, and deep political connections with government
elites. We investigate patterns, reminiscent of historical intelligence
involvement, revealing the presence of a covert intelligence operation
disguised as an outside enemy attack.

Part II: The Morning of 9-11-2001
2.
Initiation of the 9-11 Operation, with Evidence of Insider
Trading
Beforehand · REVIEW ARTICLE
Pages 49-77
Paul Zarembka
Abstract


This chapter first examines evidence concerning departures of the four
flights out of Boston, D.C., and Newark, including identifications of
the aircrafts involved, some evidence regarding the flight paths, and
then the hijackings. Alleged video evidence at airports for the
hijackers themselves is examined, but found to be unacceptable.

The fact of a conspiracy is uncontested by all. Three alternative
conspiracy possibilities regarding the planes are examined: the
'official' one of suicide hijackers skillfully guiding planes with
steeled determination into targets (independent of the hijackers'
identities); use of beaconing or electronic control, similar to
ordinary commercial landings, into the targets; and use of 'drone'
airplanes. The third alternative is not supportable at this time, but
the other two are possible explanations, not necessarily equally
likely.

The issue of insider trading before 9-11 is addressed. Publicly
available data from OptionMetrics are provided and analyzed, indicating
that many early reports were not using accurate data. Turning to an
academic study in the Journal of Business which relies upon
confidential, superior data, the findings are summarized that, indeed,
there is evidence of insider trading before 9-11 on American Airlines
and United Airlines. Larger concerns of insider trading are also
summarized. Lastly, we give brief consideration to the profits certain
capitalists make out of 9-11.

3.
The Destruction of the World Trade Center: Why the Official
Account
Cannot Be True · REVIEW ARTICLE
Pages 79-122
David Ray Griffin
Abstract


I argue that the official story about the collapses of the Twin Towers
and building 7 of the World Trade Center, according to which the
collapses were caused by fire - combined, in the case of the Twin
Towers, with the effects of the airplane impacts - cannot be true,
for two major reasons. One reason is that fire has never, except
allegedly three times on 9/11, caused the total collapse of steel-frame
high-rise buildings. All (other) such collapses have been produced by
the use of explosives in the procedure known as "controlled
demolition." The other major problem is that the collapses of all
three buildings had at least 11 features that would be expected if, and
only if, explosives had been used.

I also show the importance of the recently released of 9/11 Oral
Histories recorded by the New York Fire Department. With regard to the
Twin Towers, many of the firefighters and medical workers said they
observed multiple explosions and other phenomena indicative of
controlled demolition. With regard to building 7, many testimonies
point to widespread foreknowledge that the building was going to
collapse, and some of the testimonies contradict the official story
that this anticipation of the building's collapse was based on
objective indications. These testimonies further strengthen the already
virtually conclusive case that all three buildings were brought down by
explosives.

I conclude by calling on the New York Times, which got the 9/11 Oral
Histories released, now to complete the task of revealing the truth
about 9/11.

4.
The Military Drills on 9-11: "Bizarre Coincidence" or Something
Else? · REVIEW ARTICLE
Pages 123-145
Four Arrows (aka Don Jacobs)
Abstract


Short-term military simulations of scenarios or conditions that U.S.
military personnel might meet are generally the largest, in terms of
cost and personnel, of all operational training events. That at least
six such exercises were scheduled for September 11, 2001 raises serious
questions about whether or not the events of 9/11 were at least
partially orchestrated by U.S. command.

In light of the aforementioned military exercises and the fact that the
9/11 Commission's Final Report barely mentions them, neither were they
significantly discussed nor investigated during the hearings, this
essay briefly explores four key questions that will hopefully stimulate
further inquiries, investigations and perhaps subpoenas that will
ultimately break the silence and force declassification of the
information surrounding the war games.

1. Has there been a high-level suppression of information about the
military drills?

2. Might the military drills have been a significant factor in the
success of the attacks?

3. Who was in charge of the military drills and what motives may have
been operating for this person?

4. In what way might Zacarias Moussaoui, the only person charged in the
United States for the attacks, be a link that connects to the person in
charge of the games to another tragedy that may have been "an inside
job" - i.e. Senator Paul Wellstone's death, and how might Moussaoui
connect all of this to the Pentagon?

Part III: The Context of 9-11-2001 and Meaning for the Future
5.
Terrorism and Statecraft: Al-Qaeda and Western Covert
Operations after
the Cold War · REVIEW ARTICLE
Pages 149-188
Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed
Abstract


Al-Qaeda is conventionally portrayed as a monolithic, hierarchical
organization whose activities - coordinated by the network's leader
Osama bin Laden - are the source of international terrorism today.
Al-Qaeda is considered a radical tendency within the broader Islamist
Salafi movement, legitimizing its terrorist operations as a global
Islamist jihad against Western civilization. Al-Qaeda's terrorist
activity today is considered, "blowback" from long finished CIA and
western covert operations in Afghanistan.

The conventional wisdom is demonstrably false. After the Cold War,
Western connections with al-Qaeda proliferated around the world,
challenging mainstream conceptions of al-Qaeda's identity. Western
covert operations and military - intelligence connections in
strategic regions show that "al-Qaeda" is a network whose raison
d'etre and modus operandi are inextricably embedded in a disturbing
conglomerate of international Western diplomatic, financial, military
and intelligence policies today. US, British, and Western power
routinely manipulates al-Qaeda through a complex network of
state-regional and human nodes. Such manipulation extended directly to
the 9-11 hijackers, and thus to the events of 9-11 itself.1

6.
September 11 as "Machiavellian State Terror" · REVIEW ARTICLE
Pages 189-221
David MacGregor
Abstract


Pyrotechnic effects and spectacular death belong to the symbolism of
terror and political assassination - bizarre techniques of
miscommunication through fear practiced on the innocent and designed to
effect social change. While focusing on the use of terror in 9-11, this
article deals with both terror and political assassination as closely
related communicative practices of death. It outlines a theory of
terrorism that suggests September 11 may be an example of expedient
terrorist destruction ordered from within the state, a macabre instance
of a state protection racket. Commentators on the left tend to see
terrorism as a blow extended by the oppressed against exploiters.
However, terrorism is much less likely to be a manifestation of a
revolt by - or on behalf of - the underprivileged than a
demonstration of brute force by the state or its agents. Machiavellian
state terrorism is terror/assassination performed for reasons different
from the publicized ones; often initiated by persons or groups other
than those suspected of the act; and - most important - secretly
perpetrated by, or on behalf, of the violated state itself.
Machiavellian state terror advances the ruling agenda, while disguising
itself as the work of individuals or groups opposed to the state's
fundamental principles. As an example, the article reviews a mysterious
1971 assassination in Paris that obliquely foreshadows some critical
elements of the official story of 9-11. The article underlines the
importance of oppositional theorizing: questioning government and
looking for connections between events are critical features of what it
means to be vitally active in the political universe.

7.
Making History: The Compromised 9-11 Commission · REVIEW
ARTICLE
Pages 223-260
Bryan Sacks
Abstract


Despite its stated intention to be independent, impartial and thorough,
the 9-11 Commission was none of the three. The Commission was
structurally compromised by bias-inducing connections to subjects of
the investigation, and procedurally compromised, among other reasons,
by (1) its failure to take up promising lines of inquiry and its
failure to try to force the release of key documents that were closely
guarded by the Bush administration, the FBI and various intelligence
agencies; (2) its distortion of information about pre-9-11 military
preparedness, foreknowledge of the attacks or attacks of like-kind; and
(3) omissions of information related to the funding of the plot and the
specific whereabouts of key officials on the morning of September 11,
2001.

These structural compromises and procedural failings converged to
assure that the Commission would not challenge core elements of the
"official story" of the 9-11 attacks. This failure was compounded
by the Commission's desire to produce a final report that would read as
a "historical narrative" rather than as an exhaustive set of
findings on the critical unanswered questions that arose after the
attacks. The Commission's unquestioning acceptance of the official
narrative also meant that it missed a perhaps larger opportunity to
challenge key myths associated with American exceptionalism. Thus, the
9-11 Commission ultimately functioned as an instrument of cultural
hegemony, extending and deepening the official version of events under
the guise of independence and impartiality.

8.
Islamophobia and the "War On Terror": The Continuing Pretext
for
U.S. Imperial Conquest · REVIEW ARTICLE
Pages 261-298
Diana Ralph
Abstract


The "war on terror" has nothing to do with protecting the U.S. and
world's people from "terrorists", and everything to do with
securing the American empire abroad and muzzling democracy and human
rights at home. The 9-11 attacks were the pretext which sold the myth
of evil Muslim terrorists imminently threatening Americans. That tale
allowed the Cheney-led members of the Project for the New American
Century (PNAC) to implement their 1990 DPG plan for world control. The
"war on terror" is modelled on Islamophobic stereotypes, policies,
and political structures developed by the Israeli Likkud and Bush Sr.
in 1979. It is designed to inspire popular support for U.S. wars of
world conquest. To defeat this plan, we must overcome our Islamophobic
fear of "terrorists" and stand in solidarity with Muslims.

Part IV: Drawing a Connection: Undermining Pensions
9.
The UK Pension System: The Betrayal by New Labour in its
Neoliberal
Global Context · REVIEW ARTICLE
Pages 301-347
Jamie Morgan
Abstract


The purpose of this paper is to explain how the current "crisis" in
the UK pension system arose. I argue that it is a result of a
combination of changes in government policy and basic instabilities
always inherent in the financial system. Policy changes increased the
vulnerability of the pension system to those instabilities. The
background to these changes and also the frame of reference in terms of
which the "crisis" itself is now phrased is broadly neoliberal. Its
theoretical roots are in ideas of the efficiency of free markets. Its
policy roots are expressed in a series of similar neoliberal policy
tendencies in other capitalist states. I further argue that neoliberal
solutions to the pension crisis simply offer more of the very matters
that created the problems in the first place. Moreover, the very terms
of debate, based in markets, financialisation of saving and
individualisation of risk, disguise a more basic debate about providing
a living retirement income for all. This is a debate that New Labour is
simply not prepared to constructively engage with in any concrete
fashion.

10.
Author Index · INDEX
Pages 349-355
11.
Subject Index · INDEX
Pages 357-374
12.
List of Contributors · INDEX
Page vii
13.
Foreword · EDITORIAL
Page ix
Paul Zarembka
Abstract

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